[I] Selected Publications（latest → past）
(1) Kuramochi, M., H. Ueda, T. Inoue, M. Honda, and K. Takaya, 2023: Coherent amplification of the Okhotsk high, Korean trough, and northwestern Pacific subtropical high during heavy rainfall over Japan in August 2021. Prog. Earth Planet. Sci., 10, 69, doi:10.1186/s40645-023-00598-4.
[a]Open access PDF [b]Research News [c]EurekAlert!
(2) Ueda, H., M. Kuramochi, and H. Mitsudera, 2023: Interannual variations of sea-ice extent in the Okhotsk Sea – A Pan-Okhotsk climate system perspective. Atmos.-Ocean, 61, 234−245.
[a]Journal link [b]Research News
(3) Ueda, H., M. Kuramochi, K. Takaya, Y. Takaya, S. Asano, and S. Maeda, 2022: Genesis of upper-tropospheric anticyclones over the Asian-western Pacific sector from tropical-extratropical interaction perspective. J. Climate, 35, 997−1008.
(4) Ueda, H., M. Yokoi, and M. Kuramochi, 2021: Enhanced subtropical anticyclone over the Indo–Pacific Ocean associated with stagnation of the Meiyu–Baiu rainband during summer, 2020. SOLA, 17B, 14−18.
[a]Open access PDF [b]Research News
(5) Ueda, H., K. Miwa, and Y. Kamae, 2018: Seasonal modulation of tropical cyclone occurrence associated with coherent Indo-Pacific variability during decaying phase of El Niño. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 96, 381−390.
(6) Ueda, H., Y. Amagai, and M. Hayasaki, 2017: South-coast cyclone in Japan during El Niño-caused warm winters. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 287−293.
(7) Ueda, H., Y. Kamae, M. Hayasaki, A. Kitoh, S. Watanabe, Y. Miki, and A. Kumai, 2015: Combined effects of recent Pacific cooling and Indian Ocean warming on the Asian monsoon. Nat. Commun., 6, 8854, doi:10.1038/ncomms9854.
(8) Ueda, H., A. Kibe, M. Saitoh, and T. Inoue, 2015: Snowfall variations in Japan and its linkage with tropical forcing. Int. J. Climatol., 35, 991–998.
(9) Ueda, H., H. Kuroki, M. Ohba, and Y. Kamae, 2011: Seasonally asymmetric transition of the Asian monsoon in response to ice age boundary conditions. Climate Dyn., 37, 2167–2179.
(10) Ueda, H., M. Ohba, and S.-P. Xie, 2009: Important factors for the development of the Asian-northwest Pacific summer monsoon. J. Climate, 22, 649–669.
(11) Ueda, H., A. Iwai, K. Kuwako, and M. E. Hori, 2006: Impact of anthropogenic forcing on the Asian summer monsoon as simulated by eight GCMs. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06703, doi:10.1029/2005GL025336.
(12) Ueda, H., H. Kamahori, and N. Yamazaki, 2003: Seasonal contrasting features of heat and moisture budgets between the eastern and western Tibetan Plateau during the GAME IOP. J. Climate, 16, 2309–2324.
(13) Ueda, H., and J. Matsumoto, 2000: A possible triggering process of east-west asymmetric anomalies over the Indian Ocean in relation to 1997/98 El Niño. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 78, 803–818.
(14) Ueda, H., and T. Yasunari 1996: Maturing process of the summer monsoon over the western North Pacific: A coupled ocean/atmosphere system. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 74, 493–508.
(15) Ueda, H., T. Yasunari, and R. Kawamura, 1995: Abrupt seasonal change of large-scale convective activity over the western Pacific in the northern summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 795–809.
[II] Refereed full publication list（latest→past）*in English
Takemura, K., H. Sato, H. Nakamigawa, S. Tanaka, S. Maeda, Y. N. Takayabu, H. Ueda, R. Kawamura, M. Kimoto, Y. Tanimoto, H. Naoe, M. Nonaka, T. Hirooka, H. Mukougawa, M. Watanabe, Y. Imada, H. Kawase, and H. Nakamura, 2025: Large-scale factors for the persistent extreme heatwave over Japan in 2024 summer and late-July heavy rainfall in northern Japan. SOLA, 21, 329–339.
Nakanishi, R., M. Kuramochi, and H. Ueda, 2025: Summertime convection jump over the subtropical western North Pacific and its relation to Rossby wave breaking near the Asian jet exit region. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 103, 5–15.
[a]Open access PDF [b]Research News
Matsushita, T., M. Harada, H. Ueda, T. Nakagawa, Y. Kubota, Y. Suzuki, and Y. Kamae, 2024: Contrasting responses of summer precipitation to orbital forcing in Japan and China over the past 450 kyr. Climate Past, 20, 2017–2029.
Takemura, K., H. Sato, A. Ito, T. Umeda, S. Maeda, M. Hirai, Y. Tamaki, H. Murai, H. Nakamigawa, Y. N. Takayabu, H. Ueda, R. Kawamura, Y. Tanimoto, H. Naoe, M. Nonaka, T. Hirooka, H. Mukougawa, M. Watanabe, and H. Nakamura, 2024: Preliminary diagnosis of primary factors for an unprecedented heatwave over Japan in 2023 summer. SOLA, 20, 69–78.
Asazuma, Y., M. Kuramochi, and H. Ueda, 2024: Intra-seasonal and interannual variations of sea ice along the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido from the viewpoint of atmospheric circulation. Okhotsk Sea and Polar Oceans Research, 8, 8–16.
Kuramochi, M., H. Ueda, T. Inoue, M. Honda, and K. Takaya, 2023: Coherent amplification of the Okhotsk high, Korean trough, and northwestern Pacific subtropical high during heavy rainfall over Japan in August 2021. Prog. Earth Planet. Sci., 10, 69, doi:10.1186/s40645-023-00598-4.
See the Selected Publication(1)
Kuramochi, M., H. Ueda, T. Iwasaki, and K. Takaya, 2023: Interannual variability of the mass-weighted isentropic zonal mean meridional circulation in the Northen Hemisphere winter. J. Climate, 36, 5605–5618. Kuramochi, M., M. Kajino, and H. Ueda, 2023: Interannual variability of dust deposition in Japan during spring season and related atmospheric circulation fields. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 101, 255−270. Kamae, Y., H. Ueda, T. Inoue, and H. Mitsudera, 2023: Atmospheric circulations associated with sea-ice reduction events in the Okhotsk Sea. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 101, 125−137. Ueda, H., M. Kuramochi, and H. Mitsudera, 2023: Interannual variations of sea-ice extent in the Okhotsk Sea – A Pan-Okhotsk climate system perspective. Atmos.-Ocean, 61, 234−245.
See the Selected Publication(2)
Kuramochi, M., and H. Ueda, 2023: Two types of wintertime teleconnection patterns over the western North Pacific associated with regionally different heating anomalies. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 101, 21−37.
[a]Open access PDF [b]Research News
Ueda, H., M. Kuramochi, K. Takaya, Y. Takaya, S. Asano, and S. Maeda, 2022: Genesis of upper-tropospheric anticyclones over the Asian-western Pacific sector from tropical-extratropical interaction perspective. J. Climate, 35, 997−1008.
See the Selected Publication(3)
Ueda, H., M. Yokoi, and M. Kuramochi, 2021: Enhanced subtropical anticyclone over the Indo–Pacific Ocean associated with stagnation of the Meiyu–Baiu rainband during summer, 2020. SOLA, 17B, 14−18.
see the Selected Publication(4)
Kuramochi, M., H. Ueda, C. Kobayashi, Y. Kamae, and K. Takaya, 2021: Anomalous warm winter 2019/2020 over East Asia associated with trans-basin Indo-Pacific connections. SOLA, 17B, 9−13. Naoi, M., Y. Kamae, H. Ueda, and W. Mei, 2020: Impacts of seasonal transitions of ENSO on atmospheric river activity over East Asia. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 98, 655−668. Ueda, H., K. Miwa, and Y. Kamae, 2018: Seasonal modulation of tropical cyclone occurrence associated with coherent Indo-Pacific variability during decaying phase of El Niño. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 96, 381−390.
See the Selected Publication(5)
Endo, H., A. Kitoh, and H. Ueda, 2018: A unique feature of the Asian summer monsoon response to global warming: The role of different land–sea thermal contrast change between the lower and upper troposphere. SOLA, 14, 57−63. Kamae, Y., T. Kawana, M. Oshiro, and H. Ueda, 2017: Seasonal modulation of the Asian summer monsoon between the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age: a multi model study. Prog. Earth Planet. Sci., 4, 22, doi:10.1186/s40645-017-0136-7. Kamae, Y., W. Mei, S.-P. Xie, M. Naoi, and H. Ueda, 2017: Atmospheric rivers over the northwestern Pacific: Climatology and interannual variability. J. Climate, 30, 5605−5619. Ueda, H., Y. Amagai, and M. Hayasaki, 2017: South-coast cyclone in Japan during El Niño-caused warm winters. Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 287−293.
See the Selected Publication(6)
Kamae, Y., X. Li, S.-P. Xie, and H. Ueda, 2017: Atlantic effects on recent decadal trends in global monsoon. Climate Dyn., 49, 3443−3455. Kamae, Y., H. Shiogama, Y. Imada, M. Mori, O. Arakawa, R. Mizuta, K. Yoshida, C. Takahashi, M. Arai, M. Ishii, M. Watanabe, M. Kimoto, S.-P. Xie, and H. Ueda, 2016: Forced response and internal variability of summer climate over western North America. Climate Dyn., 49, 403−417. Kamae, Y., K. Yoshida, and H. Ueda, 2016: Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions. Climate Past, 12, 1619−1634. Kamae, Y., T. Ogura, M. Watanabe, S.-P. Xie, and H. Ueda, 2016: Robust cloud feedback over tropical land in a warming climate. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 121, 2593−2609. Ueda, H., Y. Kamae, M. Hayasaki, A. Kitoh, S. Watanabe, Y. Miki, and A. Kumai, 2015: Combined effects of recent Pacific cooling and Indian Ocean warming on the Asian monsoon. Nat. Commun., 6, 8854, doi:10.1038/ncomms9854.
See the Selected Publication(7)
Ueda, H., A. Kibe, M. Saitoh, and T. Inoue, 2015: Snowfall variations in Japan and its linkage with tropical forcing. Int. J. Climatol., 35, 991–998.
See the Selected Publication(8)
Kamae, Y., H. Shiogama, M. Watanabe, M. Ishii, H. Ueda, and M. Kimoto, 2015: Recent slowdown of tropical upper tropospheric warming associated with Pacific climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 2995−3003.
Dolan, A. M., S. J. Hunter, D. J. Hill, A. M. Haywood, S. J. Koenig, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, A. Abe-Ouchi, F. Bragg, W.-L. Chan, M. A. Chandler, C. Contoux, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, G. Lohmann, D. J. Lunt, G. Ramstein, N. A. Rosenbloom, L. Sohl, C. Stepanek, H. Ueda, Q. Yan, and Z. Zhang, 2015: Using results from the PlioMIP ensemble to investigate the Greenland Ice Sheet during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period. Climate Past, 11, 403–424.
Ogata, T., H. Ueda, T. Inoue, M. Hayasaki, A. Yoshida, S. Watanabe, M. Kira, M. Ooshiro, and A. Kumai, 2014: Projected future changes in the Asian monsoon: A comparison between CMIP3 and CMIP5 model results. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 92, 207–225.
Hill, D. J., A. M. Haywood, D. J. Lunt, S. J. Hunter, F. J. Bragg, C. Contoux, C. Stepanek, L. Sohl, N. A. Rosenbloom, W.-L. Chan, Y. Kamae, Z. Zhang, A. Abe-Ouchi, M. A. Chandler, A. Jost, G. Lohmann, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, G. Ramstein, and H. Ueda, 2014: Evaluating the dominant components of warming in Pliocene climate simulations. Climate Past, 10, 79–90.
Salzmann, U., A. M. Dolan, A. M. Haywood, W.-L. Chan, J. Voss, D. J. Hill, A. Abe-Ouchi, B. Otto-Bliesner, F. J. Bragg, M. A. Chandler, C. Contoux, H. J. Dowsett, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, G. Lohmann, D. J. Lunt, S. J. Pickering, M. J. Pound, G. Ramstein, N. A. Rosenbloom, L. Sohl, C. Stepanek, H. Ueda, and Z. Zhang, 2013: Challenges in quantifying Pliocene terrestrial warming revealed by data-model discord. Nat. Climate Change, 3, 969–974.
Zhang, R., Q. Yan, Z. S. Zhang, D. Jiang, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, A. M. Haywood, D. J. Hill, A. M. Dolan, C. Stepanek, G. Lohmann, C. Contoux, F. Bragg, W.-L. Chan, M. A. Chandler, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, A. Abe-Ouchi, G. Ramstein, N. A. Rosenbloom, L. Sohl, and H. Ueda, 2013: Mid-Pliocene East Asian monsoon climate simulated in the PlioMIP. Climate Past, 9, 2085–2099.
Zhang, Z.-S., K. H. Nisancioglu, M. A. Chandler, A. M. Haywood, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, G. Ramstein, C. Stepanek, A. Abe-Ouchi, W.-L. Chan, F. J. Bragg, C. Contoux, A. M. Dolan, D. J. Hill, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, G. Lohmann, D. J. Lunt, N. A. Rosenbloom, L. E. Sohl, and H. Ueda, 2013: Mid-pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation not unlike modern. Climate Past, 9, 1495–1504.
Dowsett, H. J., K. M. Foley, D. K. Stoll, M. A. Chandler, L. E. Sohl, M. Bentsen, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, F. J. Bragg, W.-L. Chan, C. Contoux, A. M. Dolan, A. M. Haywood, J. A. Jonas, A. Jost, Y. Kamae, G. Lohmann, D. J. Lunt, K. H. Nisancioglu, A. Abe-Ouchi, G. Ramstein, C. R. Riesselman, M. M. Robinson, N. A. Rosenbloom, U. Salzmann, C. Stepanek, S. L. Strother, H. Ueda, Q. Yan, and Z. Zhang, 2013: Sea surface temperature of the mid-Piacenzian ocean: A data-model comparison. Sci. Rep., 3, 2013, doi:10.1038/srep02013.
Haywood, A. M., D. J. Hill, A. M. Dolan, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, F. Bragg, W.-L. Chan, M. A. Chandler, C. Contoux, H. J. Dowsett, A. Jost, Y. Kamae. G. Lohmann, D. J. Lunt, A. Abe-Ouchi, S. J. Pickering, G. Ramstein, N. A. Rosenbloom, U. Salzmann, L. Sohl, C. Stepanek, H. Ueda, Q. Yan, and Z. Zhang, 2013: Large-scale features of Pliocene climate: results from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project. Climate Past, 9, 191–209.
Inoue, T., and H. Ueda, 2012: Delay of the Baiu withdrawal in Japan under global warming condition with relevance to warming patterns of SST. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 90, 855–868.
Adachi, S. A., F. Kimura, H. Kusaka, T. Inoue, and H. Ueda, 2012: Comparison of the impact of global climate changes and urbanization on summertime future climate in the Tokyo metropolitan area. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 1441–1454.
Kamae, Y., and H. Ueda, 2012: Mid-Pliocene global climate simulation with MRI-CGCM2.3: set-up and initial results of PlioMIP Experiments 1 and 2. Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 793–808.
Ueda, H., H. Kuroki, M. Ohba, and Y. Kamae, 2011: Seasonally asymmetric transition of the Asian monsoon in response to ice age boundary conditions. Climate Dyn., 37, 2167–2179.
See the Selected Publication(9)
Kamae, Y., and H. Ueda, 2011: Evaluation of simulated climate in lower latitude regions during the mid-Pliocene warm period using paleovegetation data. SOLA, 7, 177–180.
Kamae, Y., H. Ueda, and A. Kitoh, 2011: Hadley and Walker circulations in mid-Pliocene warm period simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 89, 475–493.
Okumura, Y. M., M. Ohba, C. Deser, and H. Ueda, 2011: A Proposed mechanism for the asymmetric duration of El Niño and La Niña, J. Climate, 24, 3822–3829.
Inoue, T., and H. Ueda, 2011: Delay of the first transition of Asian summer monsoon under global warming condition. SOLA, 7, 81–84.
Open access PDFKomatsu, Y., M. Shinoda, and H. Ueda, 2011: Snowmelt and atmospheric heating processes over eastern Mongolia. SOLA, 7, 1–4.
Ohba, M., and H. Ueda, 2010: A GCM study on effects of continental drift on tropical climate at the Early and Late Cretaceous. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 88, 869–881.
Ohba, M., D. Nohara, and H. Ueda, 2010: Simulation of asymmetric ENSO transition in WCRP CMIP3 multimodel experiments. J. Climate, 23, 6051–6067.
Kawase, H., T. Yoshikane, M. Hara, F. Kimura, T. Yasunari, B. Ailikun, H. Ueda, and T. Inoue, 2009: Intermodel variability of future changes in the Baiu rainband estimated by the pseudo global warming downscaling method, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D24110, doi:10.1029/2009JD011803.
Kamae, Y., and H. Ueda, 2009: Suppressant effect of instantaneous CO2 doubling on global precipitation. Tsukuba Geoenvironmental Sciences, 5, 11–16.
University of Tsukuba Repository
Futami, M., M. Ohba, and H. Ueda, 2009: Role of soil moisture in the seasonal progress of the Asian summer monsoon. Tsukuba Geoenvironmental Sciences, 5, 3–9.
University of Tsukuba Repository
Ohba, M., and H. Ueda, 2009: Seasonally different response of the Indian Ocean to the remote forcing of El Niño: linking the dynamics and thermodynamics. SOLA, 5, 176–179.
Kodama, Y.-M., M. Katsumata, S. Mori, S. Sato, Y. Hirose, and H. Ueda, 2009: Climatology of warm rain and associated latent heating derived from TRMM PR observations. J. Climate, 22, 4908–4929.
Inoue, T., and H. Ueda, 2009: Evaluation for the seasonal evolution of the summer monsoon over the Asian and western North Pacific sector in the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model experiments. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 87, 539–560.
Ueda, H., M. Ohba, and S.-P. Xie, 2009: Important factors for the development of the Asian-northwest Pacific summer monsoon. J. Climate, 22, 649–669.
Journal linkSee the Selected Publication(10)
Ohba, M., and H. Ueda, 2009: Role of nonlinear atmospheric response to SST on the asymmetric transition process of ENSO. J. Climate, 22, 177–192.
Ohba, M., and H. Ueda, 2007: An impact of SST anomalies in the Indian Ocean in acceleration of the El Niño to La Niña transition. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85, 335–348.
Ohba, M., and H. Ueda, 2006: A role of zonal gradient of SST between the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific in localized convection around the Philippines. SOLA, 2, 176–179.
Ueda, H., and M. E. Hori, 2006: Two causes of the 2004 hot summer in East Asia. Geogr. Rev. Japan, 79, 715–724.
Ishizaki, N., and H. Ueda, 2006: Seasonal heating processes over the Indochina Peninsula and the Bay of Bengal prior to the monsoon onset in 1998. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 84, 375–387.
Inoue, T., H. Ueda, and T. Inoue, 2006: Cloud properties over the Bay of Bengal derived from NOAA-9 split window data and the TRMM PR product. SOLA, 2, 41–44.
Ueda, H., A. Iwai, K. Kuwako, and M. E. Hori, 2006: Impact of anthropogenic forcing on the Asian summer monsoon as simulated by eight GCMs. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06703, doi:10.1029/2005GL025336.
See the Selected Publication(11)
Hori, M. E., and H. Ueda, 2006: Impact of global warming on the East Asian winter monsoon as revealed by nine coupled atmosphere-ocean GCMs. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03713, doi:10.1029/2005GL024961.
Ueda, H., 2005: Air-sea coupled process involved in stepwise seasonal evolution of the Asian summer monsoon. Geogr. Rev. Japan, 78, 825–841.
Ohba, M., and H. Ueda, 2005: Basin-wide warming in the equatorial Indian Ocean associated with El Niño. SOLA, 1, 89–92.
Kodama, Y.-M., A. Ohta, M. Katsumata, S. mori, S. Satoh, and H. Ueda, 2005: Seasonal transition of predominant precipitation type and lightning activity over tropical monsoon areas derived from TRMM observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14710, doi:10.1029/2005GL022986.
Ueda, H., and R. Kawamura, 2004: Summertime anomalous warming over the midlatitude western North Pacific and its relationships to the modulation of the Asian monsoon. Int. J. Climatol., 24, 1109–1120.
Ueda, H., M. E. Hori, and D. Nohara, 2003: Observational study of the thermal belt over the slope of Mt. Tsukuba. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81, 1283–1288.
Ueda, H., H. Kamahori, and N. Yamazaki, 2003: Seasonal contrasting features of heat and moisture budgets between the eastern and western Tibetan Plateau during the GAME IOP. J. Climate, 16, 2309–2324.
See the Selected Publication(12)
Ueda, H., M. Shinoda, and H. Kamahori, 2003: Spring northward retreat of Eurasian snow cover relevant to seasonal and interannual variations of atmospheric circulation. Int. J. Climatol., 23, 615–629.
Inaba, H., R. Kawamura, T. Kayahara, and H. Ueda, 2002: Extraordinary persistence of foehn observed in the Hokuriku district of Japan in the 1999 summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 579–594.
Kawamura, R., Y. Fukuta, H. Ueda, T. Matsuura, and S. Iizuka, 2002: A mechanism of the onset of the Australian summer monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4204, doi:10.1029/2001JD001070.
Ueda, H., 2001: Equatorial monsoon system as regulation for a dipole mode in the Indian Ocean. Pap. Meteor. Geophys., 51, 147–154.
Ueda, H., and J. Matsumoto, 2000: A possible triggering process of east-west asymmetric anomalies over the Indian Ocean in relation to 1997/98 El Niño. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 78, 803–818.
see the Selected Publication(13)
Ueda, H., and T. Yasunari, 1998: Role of warming over the Tibetan Plateau in early onset of the summer monsoon over the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 76, 1–12.
Ueda, H., and T. Yasunari, 1996: Maturing process of the summer monsoon over the western North Pacific: A coupled ocean/atmosphere system. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 74, 493–508.
See the Selected Publication(14)
Ueda, H., T. Yasunari, and R. Kawamura, 1995: Abrupt seasonal change of large-scale convective activity over the western Pacific in the northern summer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 795–809.
See the Selected Publication(15)
Uyeda, H., Y. Asuma, N. Takahashi, S. Shimizu, O. Kikuchi, A Kinoshita, S. Matsuoka, M. Katsumata, K. Takeuchi, T. Endoh, M. Ohi, S. Satoh, Y. Tachibana, T. Ushiyama, Y. Fujiyoshi, R. Shirooka, N. Nishi, T. Tomita, H. Ueda, T. Sueda, and A. Sumi, 1995: Doppler radar observations on the structure and characteristics of tropical clouds during the TOGA-COARE IOP in Manus, Papua New Guinea: Outline of the observation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 415–426.